How to Choose the Right Plants for Your Garden’s Climate

Choosing the right plants for your climate may be overwhelming, especially since the climate is changing.  This article will cover the common considerations when choosing plants for your garden.

USDA Zone Map

Zone Map

The United States Department of Agriculture maintains a hardiness zone map for the United States.  The map focuses on winter minimum temperatures.  The zone you are in tells you about how cold it gets in the winter.  The zones are labeled 1a-14b.  When you look at a plant label and it lists a zone, this is the zone the label refers to.

The USDA updated the zone map in 2023 due to global climate change.  Most places in the US were placed at least half a zone warmer than the old map.  You can find the map on the USDA website.

Summer Heat

Summer heat matters, too.  Some plants that can survive the winters may die from excessive heat.  There isn’t a heat zone map that you can look at to see how hot it gets where you are.  When I was a teenager, the USDA told my father to grow kiwis because New Zealand was in the same zone as our hobby peach orchard.  However, the big leaves on a kiwi plant evolved to absorb water in the temperate rain forest.  West Texas summers burned the kiwi plants up until only dead sticks remained – expensive dead sticks. 

Coneflower

There are plants that do well in hotter areas.  For example, purple coneflowers evolved on the Great Plains and grow from Texas to Canada.

Wind Problems

Wind frequency and speed need to be considered when buying plants, too.  Most people have seen pictures of trees where there is a strong prevailing wind.  All the branches are on the leeward side of the tree trunk.  Some plants do well despite the wind, but others will break or wilt.  Those plants should be planted behind a wind break.

New plants that are planted when young may need a temporary wind break to keep them from breaking.  Tomato plants need a temporary wind break until they get a couple of feet tall.  As the plant matures, you may be able to remove the wind break without harming the plant.

Sunlight

Sunlight may be direct or reflected.  The amount of sun and how hot it is are very important to consider.  Do a sun diary for a few days in your garden.  When does the sun first reach that spot?  How long does the sunlight shine there?  When does it lose the light? 

Full sun is considered at least six hours of sunlight.  Part shade is 4-6 hours of sunlight, while shade is less than 4 hours of sunlight.

The time-of-day sun reaches the plant matters, too.  Afternoon sun is the strongest.  Some plants that need full sun appreciate some afternoon shade in hot climates.

Rain Pattern

Most places in the United States have rainy seasons and dryer seasons.  You will need to look at the average amount of rainfall for your area.  Areas that receive heavy rainfall in a few months then nothing for long periods are more challenging for plants than places that get a more even distribution of rain.  Succulents and cacti do well in hot, arid areas. 

Soil Moisture

Soil moisture is related to rainfall and how high the water table is in your area.  While you can generally add moisture to the soil, it is very difficult to remove excess moisture.  Don’t plant in a low spot in the yard.   Most plants get root rot after long periods of wet soil. 

Cattails

Some plants, such as cattails, are adapted to living in wet or boggy soil. Use them around a pond or stream as part of your water feature.

Microclimates

Climate is not all big picture.  Your landscape will have different microclimates in it.  A corner might be sheltered and may let you grow something that would not survive the winter in an area that is more open to the wind.  Berms and swells can create places that warm earlier or stay cold longer.  Keep these places in mind when choosing your plants.

Native Plants Are Ideal

One of the easiest ways to choose plants that will do well in your area is to use plants that are native to within a hundred miles or so of your location.  Many people mistakenly think native plants are ugly or won’t grow in their garden.  If you have ever seen a wildflower meadow, you will know this is a myth.

There are plants native to your area that have a range of bloom times and bloom colors.  If you have a spot in your yard for a sunny plant, you can find a native plant that loves sun to put into it.  By the same token, you can find plants native to your area that like shade or dappled sun.

Native plants have evolved to grow in the soil in the area.  The plants won’t need supplemental water after they are established unless there is a bad drought.  In addition, native plants are generally able to tolerate pests in your area and resist diseases found there. 

As a bonus, you will not have to fertilize most native plants because they evolved to feed on the nutrients in the native soil.  Because native plants tolerate the pests native to the area, you will not have to spray them.  Spraying pesticides decimates insects and the small mammals and birds that feed on them.  Not spraying pesticides means more wildlife in your garden.  Native bees, flies, butterflies, and other insects can thrive on native plants.  These in turn, bring in birds and animals who eat the insects and small mammals.

Virginia Bluebells

If you want a spring flowering native plant, consider planting Virginia bluebells in an area that gets dappled shade.  The plants bloom for a couple of weeks, then the foliage is inconspicuous the rest of the year. 

Cardinal Flower

Behind them you might plant cardinal flower, which has tall red spikes during the summer.  Both plants attract hummingbirds and other pollinators. 

Redbud Seedlings - TN Nursery

Redbud trees also bloom in the spring and attract pollinators to their purple flowers.

Where To Get Native Plants

At TN Nursery, we carry a wide variety of native plants.  Our staff can help you find native plants to fill almost any niche in your landscape.  Just give us a call at 931.692.7325 today to get started.

Purple Coneflower - TN Nursery

Purple Coneflower

Purple Coneflower - Echinacea  Purple coneflowers are a favorite in the garden for their beauty, ease of maintenance, and hardiness. They’re perfect for those who enjoy an attractive, pollinator-friendly perennial.  Purple Coneflower Soil Recommendations These plants prefer rich soil and full sun but will also tolerate some shade. Planting these long-living perennials is simple: you make a hole rather than bury the root ball in the soil and water it. Once established, they do not require much maintenance or attention, not even watering when it’s still dry. They are drought-tolerant and pest-resistant and attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. Seasonal Beauty and Blooming Cycle of The Purple Coneflower They are known to bloom throughout the summer and late fall. The purple-pink petals of each bloom cluster around a coppery-orange cone. Winter dries up the flowers, and decorative seed heads appear in winter to attract birds. The bloom season lasts many weeks after summer arrives. Even into late fall, birds and monarchs feast off these plants.  Shape and Longevity Of This Stunning Perennail  Purple Coneflowers are tall, graceful plants growing two to four feet tall. They are striking because of their daisy flowers and their somber green leaves. The perennials are perennial and can endure for decades when cared for appropriately, thus offering an excellent, stable, and durable option for any garden.

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Cattail Plant - TN Nursery

Cattail Plant

Cattail Plant - Typha The Cattail Plant is a wetland species with long, slender, spear-like leaves and distinctive brown, cylindrical flower spikes commonly found in marshes, ponds, and other aquatic habitats. It is a group of 30 tall marsh grasses growing like reeds. Their tall, slender stalks and distinctive brown, fluffy, flowered heads make them an interesting addition to any landscape. They are excellent ways to elevate the beauty of your landscape for those who have a garden near a lake or want to emulate the tranquility of country cottages. Cattail Plants Thrive in Wet Areas Whether planted alone or in clusters, they add rustic charm and delight to any garden. While they make striking visual statements, they don't overwhelm surrounding foliage or fauna. Instead, their neutral colors and lengthy, slim stalks create a grounding effect ideal for filling space and centering your collection. Create a Wildlife Oasis With Cattail Plant Invite more wildlife into your yard with them, which thrive near water and can be integral to a thriving pond ecosystem. They provide safety and coverage for many bird species and serve as food for many herbivorous animals. The good news for many gardeners is that Typha is typically not known to attract bumblebees, so you can add visual depth and beauty to your garden without bringing too many pollinators to the space. The good news is that they do not require much human interference to thrive. As long as they are put in the right environment, they will flourish effortlessly. Their widespread adaptability makes them an ideal choice for both experienced and novice gardeners. Sustainable gardening is vital to improving our climate and supporting local ecosystems. They are excellent water purifiers, absorbing excess nutrients while their roots help prevent soil erosion. They also serve as a source for many types of fish, so if you have a pond with marsh feeders, they may enjoy adding them to their aquatic home. Incorporating them into your backyard ecosystem can support a brighter planet for all animals and contribute to a more sustainable, greener future. They are plants that naturally grow in water, such as in swamps, shores of lakes or streams, and marshy lands. Suitable for naturalizing water gardens or stabilizing shorelines, They grow best in a site that is in shallow water or one that is continuously saturated.  You should plant them where there is full sun exposure and in nutrient-rich mud. It is effective and equally able to grow in an area with standing water and occasional changes in water levels.  They live year-round and produce new shoots annually arising from rhizomes buried in the ground. They develop shoots in spring, flowers, and seed heads in summer, and die back in the winter, most of the energy being stored in their roots for the next growing season.  They are fast growers and may attain their full mature height of up to 10 feet in one year. Under certain circumstances, it reproduces through the growth of rhizomes and through seed distribution. Cattail Plants can be propagated through seeds and rhizomes. Their large, fluffy seed heads release seeds that fly away in the wind, and their underground stems, rhizomes, form extensive colonies in favorable circumstances.

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Lobelia Cardinalis - TN Nursery

Red Cardinal Lobelia

Cardinal Flower - Lobelia cardinalis The Cardinal Flower plant is striking in any garden and produces bright red flowers that attract hummingbirds and butterflies. Their long, graceful spikes of flowers bring color to wetlands, shade spots, and garden borders. Planting and Maintenance of Cardinal Flower The plants are super easy to plant and maintain, so they can be used by any gardener regardless of their experience. They prefer to grow in sluggish, fertile soil and are best grown in shade rather than sun. Sow by loosening the soil, placing the roots, covering them with soil, and watering deeply. They are low-maintenance and require moisture for growth and regular deadheading to maintain long blooming. Colorful Characteristics These perennials usually flower during mid-to-late summer, and their ruby-red blooms last for weeks. The plant is dark green with dark green leaves, and its spikes stand out. Once the flowers open, they shrivel up and emerge in pods as a second season of interest. The foliage remains green throughout the season, so the plant does not look overgrown. The plants are perennials growing upright, and their flower heads reach heights of 2 to 4 feet. Their graceful and tall stature makes them ideal for adding texture to garden beds or naturalized areas. Given time, they will bloom year after year to bring enduring beauty to your garden.  Pollinator Magnet Plants  The Red Lobelia, Cardinal Flower, is a plant that various pollinators flock to in its active blooming season. It's slender, tall, and majestic size makes it a favorite for especially rock gardens.TN Nursery has them mature and blooming age ready to ship out to you.  

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Redbud tree - TN Nursery

Redbud Tree

Redbud Tree - Cercis Canadensis The Redbud Tree is an excellent specimen plant that brings beauty to lawns, gardens, parks, and borders. Its vibrant spring blooms, lush green summer foliage, and intriguingly varied branches provide seasonal interest and texture. This fast-growing tree can outperform anything planted near it with show-stopped purple blooms in the warm season when paired with flowering annuals, perennials, and other shrubs. Flowers of Redbud Trees This showy shrub bursts through with beautiful blooms in early spring. The flowers are about ½ inches wide and form clusters along the tree branches. Flower clusters range from light to deep pink and purple, and they can also be white. Heart-shaped leaves appear after blooming and last up to three weeks. Redbud Tree's Leaves Leaves of the trees are about two to six inches in width. They start out as light red and progressively become bright green over the summer. Leaves become a greenish-yellow hue and can contain hints of red and orange in the fall. Next, flat pod-like leaves appear. Pods are about two to four inches in length. Pods start as light green and become deep brown as they mature over the winter. Seeds inside the pods can re-propagate after falling to the ground. Limbs and Trunk This shrub has a multi-trunk shape that divides near the ground. Multiple limbs and branches extend outward in a graceful manner. This offers a touch of landscaping interest and color extension. The brown bark is typically smooth and bare when young. The bark becomes scaly and turns dark gray as it matures. The bark is smooth and ranges from brown to light gray throughout the year. In winter, the bark becomes scaly with deep cracks. Flowers can sometimes bloom along the limbs and trunk. Called “cauliflory,” this adds a unique element to the garden aesthetic. Height of Cercis Canadensis Incredibly versatile, a redbud ranges in size from a shrub to a small sapling. With an average height expectancy of 20 to 30 feet and limbs and branches that can spread up to 35 feet in width, they offer a variety of landscaping possibilities. Considered an understory, meaning it grows between taller varieties and the ground, it provides habitat and environmental benefits and a colorful and textual addition to the landscape.

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